What is a transfer case?

The transfer case stands as a crucial component that sets apart four-wheel drive (4WD) and all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicles. The transfer case, by definition, is a power divider that allows power to be sent to either the rear wheels or to both the front and rear wheels at the same time. The ability to send power to all four wheels allows these vehicles to achieve exceptional traction, leading to enhanced performance on slippery and/or rugged terrains.

If you experience a faulty transfer case, you may encounter challenges or even an inability to operate in 4WD or AWD

What are the indicators of a faulty transfer case?

While the transfer case is designed to endure the entire lifespan of the vehicle, this isn’t always the case in reality. Here are some of the most common signs you may encounter when you have a bad transfer case:

• Gear shifting issues: Experiencing difficulty shifting the transfer case between gear ranges is a common indication of a faulty transfer case. While this can be caused by external factors like electrical issues or damaged linkage, it usually points towards an internal failure within the transfer case itself.

  Before jumping to conclusions about a potential issue, it is important to ensure that you are correctly following the instructions outlined in your owner’s manual for operating the transfer case. In particular, shifting into the 4Low range requires special procedures to ensure proper engagement. The steps provided for shifting your transfer case in your owner’s manual should always be followed. If not, you may encounter a grinding noise when attempting to change gears.

• Difficulty staying in 4WD: Another common issue arises when the transfer case unexpectedly disengages from 4WD. This problem can be caused by external factors such as electrical component failures or shift linkage issues, or it may be due to internal damage within the transfer case itself.
• 4WD will not engage/disengage: There are many reasons why a vehicle’s 4WD system won’t engage or disengage. These issues could be due to any number of things from a faulty shift mechanism on the front axle to an electrical fault in the transfer case control system to dozens of other external electrical and/or mechanical failures.

  It’s also possible that the transfer case itself has internal damage causing this type of issue, so it is very important to have your specific issue diagnosed properly.

• Puddle formation directly under the transfer case’s location: If you notice a puddle of oil forming underneath your vehicle, it’s a clear indication that there is a leak somewhere.

  To determine if your transfer case is the source of the leak start by conducting a visual inspection. Use some brake cleaner to clean any oil from the transfer case and then let it sit for 24 hours. Reinspect the transfer case to see if the source of the leak can be clearly located at this point.

  If a leak occurs gradually (which is often the case), you might not notice a puddle. However, over time, the oil level in the transfer case can become dangerously low, resulting in severe damage to internal components and requiring the transfer case to be replaced. Maintaining your transfer case by making sure proper oil levels are kept is critical in avoiding failures.

• Grinding, growling, or humming noises: One unmistakable indicator of an issue with your vehicle is the sudden emergence of peculiar noises that were previously not there. These abnormal sounds can be quite bothersome, often serving as a forewarning of more significant problems looming on the horizon.

  If you notice a grinding, growling, or humming sound that is always present and increases or decreases with the speed of your vehicle, it could be originating from the transfer case. These noises can be indicative of numerous internal transfer case failures including but not limited to, bad bearings, damaged gears, stretched chain, etc.

• 4WD warning light Illuminates: Certain vehicles display a “service four-wheel-drive” message (or a similar notification) on the dashboard when there is a system issue. Alternatively, some vehicles will keep the 4WD light continuously illuminated to indicate a problem, which may be attributed to a faulty transfer case. If you experience a light like this on your dashboard you should have the vehicle looked at right away.

What are the potential factors that can contribute to a bad transfer case?

Transfer case failures are commonly attributed to factors such as low fluid levels resulting from leaks, inadequate maintenance, or regular wear and tear due to usage.

Promptly addressing fluid leaks is crucial to prevent potential internal damage to your transfer case. It is equally important to regularly change the transfer case fluid. You can refer to your vehicle’s owner’s manual for the recommended service interval for the transfer case.

Bad transfer case or transmission problem?

The transfer case and transmission are integral components of your vehicle’s drivetrain, each serving their own distinct purposes. However, it’s important to note that the symptoms of transmission failure can sometimes resemble those of a faulty transfer case and vice versa. This can lead to confusion for vehicle owners who are attempting to troubleshoot the issue themselves.

To prevent any misunderstandings, it is advisable to have a professional examine your vehicle if you suspect a transfer case or transmission issue. They possess the necessary tools and years of experience to accurately assess your vehicle and its underlying problems. This ensures a more thorough evaluation and diagnosis.

Contact The Gear Shop if you have any questions

Running into a transfer case problem can be overwhelming. We are here to help and answer any questions you may have about your transfer case issues. Feel free to call us at 410-477-4327 with any questions you may have!